Assignment for section-1,2,3,4&5 (Russian revolution )

Assignment -1 
Topic - Russian Revolution
Sec-1
Q-1 Explain the ideology of the three power groups of Russian society? (Liberals, Radicals and conservatives)
Ans- liberals-1) They wanted that country should be tolerant for all the religions.
2) They opposed religious discrimination.
3) They were against unlimited powers of Tsar.
4) They wanted an elected government.
5) They Did not favour Universal adult franchise.
6) They wanted right to vote for men who had property.
RADICALS-1) they want the government should be elected from majority of the population.
2) They opposed privileges for great landowners and factory owners.
3) They were not against private property.
4) They supported suffrage movement of women.
CONSERVATIVES - 1) They were opposed radicals and liberals.
2) They started accepting change by 19th century  but through slow process.
3) They believed in old and past tradition.
Q-2 How were liberals different from democrats?
Ans-1) They did not favour  Universal adult franchise.
2) They felt property more important  to get right to vote.
3) They did not favour women's suffrage movement.
 Q-3- Explain the changes of Russia that exist after industrial revolution.
Ans- 1) Many new industries were open and were private industries.
2) working hours were long and wages were less.
3) Women were also employed in the factories but were paid less than man.
4) The housing facilities were poor.
5) Unemployment was common when there was less demand of the goods.
Q-4 Explain the theory of KARL MARX.
ANS- 1) He was against private property.
2) He told that workers should overthrow capitalism to improve their condition.
3) He thought that capitalist keep the profit produced by the workers.
4) He believed that communist society was the natural society.
Q-5 Mention the features of socialism.
Ans- 1) The private property is root cause of all the evils.
2) All the means of production should be controlled by the government.
3) The government should encourage co-operatives among workers to replace capitalist.
SECTION -2
Q-6- Explain the effects of first World War on the Russian economy.
Ans-1) Russian industries were less in number, so cut off from their suppliers of industrial goods.
2) Industrial equipments were more disintegrated in Russia than other countries.
3) In 1916, railway lines began to break down.
4) Able bodied men were called up in war, so there was shortage of workers in factories.
5) Large supplies of grain were sent to feed the army.
Q-7- Explain the conditions of workers in Russia.
Ans-1) The most industries were private property of industrialists.
2) The working hours were more and wages were less.
3) The women were paid less than men and had to work equal to men.
4) The working conditions were poor.
5) They were not allowed to form trade unions or do strikes in factories.
Q-8- Explain the causes of Russian revolution.
Ans-1) Russia was autocracy and Tsar enjoyed unlimited powers.
2) worker's condition
3) Less wages could not keep pace with the increased prices of supplies and bread.
4) The land was cultivated by the farmers but owned by nobles and church.  So the farmers led hard life.
5) The demand of socialism was spread at large scale.
6) The workers started forming their trade unions and to remove capitalism.
Q-9 What was Bloody Sunday?
Ans-The group of striking workers attacked at winter palace in 1905. They were attacked by the cavalry and police of the Tsar . The  workers were led by Father Gapon. Over 100 workers were killed and more than 300 were injured. The event was called bloody sunday.
Q-10- What events took place in the country after bloody sunday?
Ans- 1) strikes took over in all the country.
2) The universities were closed down and students bodies staged walk out.
3) The people wanted civil liberties.
4)Middle class people established their own unions according to trade.
Q-11- Explain the changes introduced by Tsar Nicholas II in Russia during revolution of 1905.
Ans-1) After 1905, most of the existing unions were declared illegal by the government of Tsar.
2) Severe restrictions were placed on the political activities as the Tsar dismissed two Dumas one after another.
3) He changed voting laws and packed third Duma with conservatives.
4) The liberals, radicals and revolutionaries were not the part of third Duma.
SECTION-3
Q-12 What was April theses?
Ans-April theses were the three demands of Lenin from provincial government of Russia. These were-
1) The World War should be closed.
2) Land should be transferred to the farmers.
3) Banks should be nationalised.
Q-13 Explain consequences (effects) of the February revolution over RUSSIA.
Ans-1) The government suspended Duma and the politicians spoke against the government.
2) The demonstraters came in the streets with the slogans of bread, wages and democracy etc.
3) Police headquarters were looted.
4) The cavalry refused to open fire on demonstraters.
5) Soldiers and workers gathered to form Soviet or council.
Q-14 Explain the measures taken by Provisional government to suppress Bolshevik influence.
Ans-1) It decided to take hard steps against spreading discontent.
2) It resisted attempts by workers to run factories and started arresting leaders.
3) They repressed Bolshevik leaders.
4) They protected their official buildings and ordered to seize the buildings under Lenin.
Q-15 What were the reasons for failure of provisional government?         OR
Q-16 Explain the causes responsible for October revolution.
Ans-1) It could not honour it's promises made with the people.
2) The government was failed to give land to the farmers.
3) It couldn't make satisfy the workersAnd control the industries.
4) It couldn't grant equal status to the non-russians.
5) The Bolshevik influence was grown up.
Q-17 Describe the role of Lenin in Russian revolution.
Ans- 1) He formed Bolshevik party in Russia and demand for socialism.
2) He was exiled from the country but he returned back in April 1917.
3) He proposed April theses from the provisional government.
4) He renamed his party with the Russian communist party.
5) He made Russia one-party communist state.
6) He captured the power with the help of military revolutionary committee.
Q-18 Explain the objectives of Russian revolution.
Ans-1) Revolutionaries wanted Russia out of the first World War.
2) The farmers wanted the lands under their control.
3) The workers wanted improved working conditions and housing facilities.
4) The non-Russian wanted equal status to others.
5) They asked to establish the industries under control of the government.
Q-19 State the differences between the policies of the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks.
Ans- 1) The Russian socialist- revolutionaries were divided into two parts-
1) Bolsheviks - The leader was Lenin.
They favoured discipline of the workers for revolution. They favoured revolutionary methods for bringing change in the country.
2) Mensheviks - They were open for all workers as well as farmers. They favoured to organise party on the basis of the parties established in France and Germany. They wanted to establish parliamentary form of government in Russia.
Q-20 State the main events of February revolution.
Ans-1) On 25th Feb,  the government suspended Duma.
2) The politicians joined demonstrators on 26th Feb.
3) The police headquarters were captured on the next day.
4) When government called cavalry to open fire on the people but it refused.
5) Striking workers gathered to form Soviet or Council and Tsar was abdicated by these people.
SECTION-4
Q-21 Explain the measures taken by Bolshevik government to make RUSSIA a socialist state.
Ans-1) The industries and banks were kept nationalised.
2) The arrangements were made for factory workers to enter in universities.
3) An extended schooling system was set up.
4) Creches were open for women factory workers.
5) Cheap health care was provided to them.
6) Centerlized planning was introduced and the prices of goods were fixed
Q-22 What was collectivisation?
Ans Stalin introduced this system in Russia.Under this system several small land holdings of the farmers were joined under the control of the government . It was started under planned economy system of government.  The lands were turned up into collective farms called kolkhoz and the profit was shared among all.
Q-23 What steps were taken by Stalin to solve the problem of acute shortage of the grains?
Ans- 1) Stalin turned small holding into collective farms( Kolkhoz).
2) The land of rich farmers(kulaks) was taken away.
3) The peasents were forced to cultivate in collective farms.
4) The profit was shared among all the farmers.
5) The angry farmers resisted the authorities and destroyed the livestock.
Q-24 Why did Collectivisation not become profitable for the government? (Reasons for the failure of this policy)
Ans-1) The small land holdings were not modernised.
2) The angry peasents resisted the government authorities and destroyed their livestock.
3) Many who opposed were deported or exiled from the country.
4) The production did not increase because Stalin did not get favour of the farmers.
SECTION-5
Q-25 What was global impact of the Russian revolution?
Ans-1) In the many countries of Europe, the people liked the idea of socialism.
2) The communist Parties were formed in many countries.
3) Different people showed their Interest in getting education in Russian universities.
4) The revolution helped to reframe social structure based on equality and redefine the concept of democracy.
5) Many non-Russian got chance to participate in the Conference of the People of the East.
Q-26- Explain the attitude of Soviet Union towards the movements for independence in Asia.
Ans- 1) In many countries communist parties were formed.
2) The people liked the ruling system under
Socialism.
3) May non-russians participated in the conference of the people of the East.
4) many got chance to get education in universities of Russia.
TEXTUAL QUESTIONS -
Q-1 BACK QUES-1
Ans- To discuss the different causes of Russian revolution. Already discussed above. (don't write in FNB)
Q-2 BACK QUES-2
Ans-1) The working class was divided into different groups as all were not from cities.
2) Some workers were employed in the city but still had connections with villages.
3) Their dressing style and mannered showed the difference.
4) The workers of metal industry were 'Aristocrats' among all as their work needed more skills.
Q-3 BACK QUES-3
Ans- 1) The people were disappointed with the rule of Tsar.
2) He imposed restrictions on the politicians and also cancelled two elected Duma.
3) He didn't consult with different parties of Duma before first World War.
4) His policies were suppressive for the peasents and workers.
5) When German supplies were cut down during first World War the people didn't get food.
At last he was forced to abdicate in 1905.
Q-4 BACK QUES-4
Ans- Already discussed above.
Q-5 BACK QUES-5
Ans- Already discussed above.
Q-6 Define each-
1) KULAKS
1) It was the Russian term used for wealthy peasents.
2) Stalin believed that they were hoarding grains for more profit.
3) In 1928 they were raised and their supplies were confiscated.
4) Marx also considered them harmful for economy.
2) DUMA
1) It is term used for Russian parliament.
2) It was formed in 6 Aug 1905.
3) It was twice dissolved by Tsar in same year.
3) WOMEN WORKERS BETWEEN 1900 TO 1930.
1) 31% women were employed as the factory workers in industries.
2) They got less wages as compared to men for the same work.
3) They took  an active part in February revolution with the inspiration of men workers.
4) They led their way with strikes and demanding their rights.
4) THE LIBERALS
already discussed.
5) STALIN'S COLLECTIVISATION PROGRAMME
Already discussed above.