Assignment of THE FRENCH REVOLUTION ( for revision)

SECTION -1
Q-1 How was the French society divided before revolution?
Ans - 1) First estate- It consisted clergy. They had not to pay any tax.
They enjoyed privileges by birth.
2) Second estate- It consisted nobles and rich people.
They also had not to pay any tax. Had privileges by birth.
3) Third estate-It consisted other people of the society.They had no rights and had to pay all the taxes to king and church both.
Q-2 What were the causes of the French revolution?
Ans-1) Long years of wars made the finance of the country empty.
2) The third estate was highly discriminated by the king, nobles and church.
3) All the taxes were paid by the third estate.
4) Bad harvest created shortage of food among the people.
5) The growing middle influenced the people to get equality and freedom.
6) The prices of bread were increased and wages were less.
7) The increased prices and wages could not make balance.
Q-3 Give reasons for subsistence crisis in France during old regime?
Or
Q-4 What was subsistence crisis? What factors led to the situation?
Ans- It was a situation when the people were not able to mange minimum things for survival. The following factors led to it-
1- The population of France was increased rapidly.
2- There was bad harvest in France due to drought.
3- The prices of the bread were increased.
4- The wages of the workers were fixed and they could not make balance with the increased prices.
5- Bakers and hoarders took advantage of the situation. So many people died due to epidemics occurred due to starvation.
Q-5 What role was played by the growing middle class in the revolution?
Ans- 1) Middle class was a social group who earned the wealth with trade and Industries.
2) They were educated and wanted society without privileges.
3) They wanted that person's position must be depended on merit.
4) They wanted reduction in taxes and equal opportunities in the society.
5) They were influenced by the philosophers.
Q-6 Explain the role of philosophers during French revolution.
Ans- 1) John Locke worte his book Two treaties of the government in which he criticized the unlimited powers of the king.
2) Rousseau wrote The Social Contract in which he suggested to form government based on mutual understanding between the people and their leaders.
3) Montesquieu wrote The spirit of laws in which he suggested division of the powers.
4) Many others wanted society based on freedom and equality.
5) Their ideas were discussed on coffee shops and in salons.
SECTION-2
Q-6 what were the features of the French constitution of 1791?
Ans- 1) It made France a constitutional monarchy.
2) The powers of king were separated from executive , legislature and judiciary.
3) Laws were made by the national assembly.
4) Only active citizens got right to vote rest were reduced as passive citizens.
5) Many rights were given to the people.
Q-7 What was estate general?
Ans- It was an assembly in which all three estates could send their members. Each estate had one vote. This assembly was generally called by the king to increase taxes on third estate. Getting majority was not difficult task .
Q-8 Why were women unhappy with the constitution of 1791?
Ans-1) They were reduced as passive citizens.
2) They didn't get right to vote.
3) Women's club and their political activities were banned.

Q-9 What was contribution of Mirabeau and Abbe sieges? 

Ans- 1) They both were representatives of third estate. 

2) Mirabeau was from noble family but against feudal privileges. 

3) Abbe sieges was a priest who also wanted society without privileges. 

4) They gave powerful speeches to the crowd at Versailles. 

Q-10 What were effects(outcomes) of French revolution ?

           OR

Q-11 What was the legacy behind French revolution?

Ans- 1) France was turned into constitutional monarchy. 

2) The new constitution was Framed in the country. 

3) The privileges were taken from other two estates and taxes were Cancelled on third estate. 

4) The properties of church were taken away. 

5) The people were given equality and liberty and some other basic rights. 

6) This revolution became an inspiration for other countries with absolute monarchy in Europe. 

SECTION-3

Q-12 what was Jacobin club?

Ans-  It was famous political club of men in France.

It's members belong to less wealthy sections of the society. They were also called sans culottes because which meant without knee breeches. They wore loose stripped trousers without knee breeches to show freedom from aristocratic class. MAXIMILIAN ROBESPIERRE was their leader. 

Q-13 Who was ROBESPIERRE?  Why was his period called Reign of terror?        OR

Q-14 ROBESPIERRE followed the policy of severe control and punishment.  How?  OR

Q-15 Give reasons why period from 1793-1794 was called reign of terror?             OR

Q-16 Mention the steps taken by ROBESPIERRE govt. 

       OR

Q-17 Mention any five measures of ROBESPIERRE govt. for effective administrationin France. 

Ans- 1) He followed the policy of severe control over administration and punishment for rivals. 

2) He rationed milk for children and bread. 

3) Presents were forced to sell their crops in cities at fixed prices. 

4) Churches were shut down and buildings were used as govt.  offices. 

5) All those who were enemies to the rule were punished severely. 

 6) He became unpopular due to his policies among his people. 

Q-18 Name three people who were guillotined in France. 

Ans- king Louis xvi,  his wife and ROBESPIERRE. 

SECTION -4
Q-19 Explain the role of women before French revolution.
Ans- 1) Most of the women of third estate were working.
2)They didn't have access to education or job training.
3) They had to take care of their families and children.
4) Their wages were lower than of men.
5) In order to discuss their interests, they formed political clubs.
Q-20 Explain the role of women during revolution.
Ans - 1) They formed their political clubs to discuss about their interests.
2) They demanded some political rights equal to man.
3) They were disappointed with the constitution of 1791 as it reduced them as passive citizens.
Q-21 Mention some reforms introduced for women by revolutionary govt.
Ans-1) School education was made compulsory for them.
2) Their fathers could no longer force them for marriage.
3) Marriage was registered under civil law.
4) Divorce was made legal and both men and women could apply for that.
5)  They were allowed to get job training for the profession of their choice.
SECTION -5