Question answers of Ch-poverty as a challenge

Question .1. Define poverty?

Answer : It is defined as inability to satisfy minimum human needs like food, clothing, shelter and education.

 Question.2. What is mass poverty ?
Answer. Mass poverty is a situation in which a large section of people in economy are deprived of the basic necessities.

Question.3. What is BPL ?
Or
What is Poverty Line ?
Answer. In India, the concept of Poverty line is used as a measure of absolute poverty. So BPL (Below Poverty Line) is a line which demarcate the people, who are living below the poverty from those, who are living above the poverty line.

Question.4 What is the accepted average calorie requirement in India
(i) In rural areas
(ii) In urban areas
(iii) Why calorie requirement is higher in the rural areas ?
Answer. (i) 2400 calories
(ii) 2100 calories
(iii) Since people living in rural areas engage themselves in more physical work, so calorie requirement in rural areas is higher than in the urban areas.

Question.6. How is the poverty line estimated periodically ? Name an organisation which is responsible for estimating poverty. [CBSE 2015]
Answer. The poverty line is estimated periodically by conducting sample surveys.
These surveys are carried out by the
National Sample Survey Organisation. (NSSO).

Question.7. Name any four poverty ridden states.
Answer. Odisha, Bihar, Assam and Tripura.

Question.8. Define poverty with contest to World Bank. Name any four countries which have high percentage of population living below poverty.
Answer. All those persons who live on less than $1.25 per day are considered living below poverty line.
(i) Nigeria
(ii) Bangladesh
(iii) India
(iv) Pakistan

Question.9. Name any two social groups which are most vulnerable to poverty.
Answer. Scheduled Caste(SC) and Scheduled Tribe(ST).

Question.10. Explain some measures which have been taken by the government to remove poverty. 

Answer. To remove poverty government has adopted two approaches:
(1) Indirect approach : This covers achieving high economic growth rate, promotion of small scale industry, promotion of agriculture. This approach is also referred as trickle down effect. It was assumed that the development of industry and agriculture would create employment opportunities and income, which would lead to rapid economic development.
(2) Direct approach : Under direct approach government has launched various poverty alleviation programmes and food schemes to target the poor directly.
The government has launched various poverty alleviation schemes to control poverty.
(i) National Rural Employ-ment Guarantee Act (NREGA) 2005: It
was passed in September 2005. The Act provides 100 days assured employment every year to every rural household in 200 districts. Later, the scheme will be extended to 600 districts. One-third of the proposed jobs would be reserved for women. The central government will also establish National Employment Guarantee Funds. Similarly, state governments will establish State Employment Guarantee Funds for the implementation of the scheme. 
(ii) National Food for Work Programme (NFWP) : It was
launched in 2004 in 150 most backward districts of the country. The programme is open to all rural poor, who are in need of wage employment, and desire to do manual unskilled work. It is implemented as a 100 per cent centrally sponsored scheme, and food grains are provided free of cost to the states. Once the NREGA is in force, the NFWP will be subsumed within this programme.
(iii) The Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana (PMRY) : It was started in 1993. The aim of the programme is to create self-employment opport¬unities for the educated unemployed youth in rural areas and small towns. They are helped in setting up small business and industries.
(iv) Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP) : It was launched in 1995. The aim of the programme is to create self-employment opportunities in rural areas and small towns. A target for creating 25 lakh new jobs has been set for the programme under the Tenth Five Year Plan.
(v) Swamajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) : It was launched in 1999. The programme aims at bringing the assisted poor families
above the poverty line by organising them into self-help groups through a j mix of bank credit and government subsidy.
(vi) Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY) : It was launched in 2000, additional central assistance is given to states for basic services such as primary health, primary education, rural shelter, rural drinking water and rural electrification.

Question-: 12.Discuss the major reasons for poverty in India. 
Answer. (i) British Rule : Britishers ruled India more than 100 years. Prior to the British rule, traditional industries, for instance, textiles, flourished in India. During the British rule, the government adopted policies to discourage such industries. This left millions of weavers poor. Even after fifty years of independent India, we can find a major section of the people engaged handicraft industries as , downtrodden.
(ii) Lack of industrialisation : India is very backward from the industrial point of view. Hardly 3 per cent of the total working population is engaged in the large- scale industry.
(iii) Over dependence on agriculture Even after more than 60 years of independence more than 60 per cent of our total population still depends on agriculture for its livelihood. Due to shortage of inputs, our agriculture is backward.
(iv) Inflationary pressure : Upward trend in prices adversely affects the poor sections of the society.
(v) Unemployment : Due to lack of job opportunities, more than 90 lakhs of our total working force is unemployed.